This is an unofficial reference manual for
LaTeX. See below for the Table of Contents.
If you want a tutorial then please instead visit learnlatex.org or
see this long list.
This manual has two versions. One has separate web pages for each section or subsection. It's also available as a single web page and as a pdf. Translations to French and Spanish are available at https://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo; they're maintained separately.
This document is not official. It has not been reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Our ultimate goal is to cover all (non-private) LaTeX commands. Your comments and contributions, including bug reports, are very welcome. See our project page for more, including license information and information on how you can contribute to this manual as well as mirror it.
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LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual ¶
This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of January 2025) for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
Short Table of Contents
- 1 About this document
- 2 Overview of LaTeX
- 3 Document classes
- 4 Fonts
- 5 Layout
- 6 Sectioning
- 7 Cross references
- 8 Environments
- 9 Line breaking
- 10 Page breaking
- 11 Footnotes
- 12 Definitions
- 13 Counters
- 14 Lengths
- 15 Making paragraphs
- 16 Math formulas
- 17 Modes
- 18 Page styles
- 19 Spaces
- 20 Boxes
- 21 Graphics
- 22 Color
- 23 Special insertions
- 24 Splitting the input
- 25 Front/back matter
- 26 Letters
- 27 Input/output
- 28 Command line interface
- Appendix A Document templates
- Index
Table of Contents
- 1 About this document
- 2 Overview of LaTeX
- 3 Document classes
- 4 Fonts
- 4.1
fontencpackage- 4.1.1
\DeclareFontEncoding - 4.1.2
\DeclareTextAccent - 4.1.3
\DeclareTextAccentDefault - 4.1.4
\DeclareTextCommand&\ProvideTextCommand - 4.1.5
\DeclareTextCommandDefault&\ProvideTextCommandDefault - 4.1.6
\DeclareTextComposite - 4.1.7
\DeclareTextCompositeCommand - 4.1.8
\DeclareTextSymbol - 4.1.9
\DeclareTextSymbolDefault - 4.1.10
\LastDeclaredEncoding - 4.1.11
\UseTextSymbol&\UseTextAccent
- 4.1.1
- 4.2 Font styles
- 4.3 Font sizes
- 4.4 Low-level font commands
- 4.1
- 5 Layout
- 6 Sectioning
- 7 Cross references
- 8 Environments
- 8.1
abstract - 8.2
array - 8.3
center - 8.4
description - 8.5
displaymath - 8.6
document - 8.7
enumerate - 8.8
eqnarray - 8.9
equation - 8.10
figure - 8.11
filecontents - 8.12
flushleft - 8.13
flushright - 8.14
itemize - 8.15
letterenvironment: writing letters - 8.16
list - 8.17
math - 8.18
minipage - 8.19
picture - 8.20
quotation"e - 8.21
tabbing - 8.22
table - 8.23
tabular - 8.24
thebibliography - 8.25
theorem - 8.26
titlepage - 8.27
verbatim - 8.28
verse
- 8.1
- 9 Line breaking
- 10 Page breaking
- 11 Footnotes
- 12 Definitions
- 12.1
\newcommand&\renewcommand - 12.2
\providecommand - 12.3
\makeatletter&\makeatother - 12.4
\@ifstar - 12.5
\newcounter: Allocating a counter - 12.6
\newlength - 12.7
\newsavebox - 12.8
\newenvironment&\renewenvironment - 12.9
\newtheorem - 12.10
\newfont - 12.11
\protect - 12.12
\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend - 12.13
xspacepackage - 12.14 Class and package commands
- 12.14.1
\AtBeginDvi&\AtEndDvi - 12.14.2
\AtEndOfClass&\AtEndOfPackage - 12.14.3
\CheckCommand - 12.14.4
\ClassErrorand\PackageErrorand other messages - 12.14.5
\CurrentOption - 12.14.6
\DeclareOption - 12.14.7
\DeclareRobustCommand - 12.14.8
\ExecuteOptions - 12.14.9
\IfFileExists&\InputIfFileExists - 12.14.10
\LoadClass&\LoadClassWithOptions - 12.14.11
\NeedsTeXFormat - 12.14.12
\OptionNotUsed - 12.14.13
\PassOptionsToClass&\PassOptionsToPackage - 12.14.14
\ProcessOptions - 12.14.15
\ProvidesClass&\ProvidesPackage - 12.14.16
\ProvidesFile - 12.14.17
\RequirePackage&\RequirePackageWithOptions
- 12.14.1
- 12.1
- 13 Counters
- 14 Lengths
- 15 Making paragraphs
- 16 Math formulas
- 17 Modes
- 18 Page styles
- 19 Spaces
- 19.1
\enspace&\quad&\qquad - 19.2
\hspace - 19.3
\hfill - 19.4
\hss - 19.5
\spacefactor - 19.6 Backslash-space,
\ - 19.7
~,\nobreakspace - 19.8
\thinspace&\negthinspace - 19.9
\/ - 19.10
\hrulefill&\dotfill - 19.11
\bigskip&\medskip&\smallskip - 19.12
\bigbreak&\medbreak&\smallbreak - 19.13
\strut - 19.14
\vspace - 19.15
\vfill - 19.16
\addvspace
- 19.1
- 20 Boxes
- 21 Graphics
- 22 Color
- 23 Special insertions
- 24 Splitting the input
- 25 Front/back matter
- 26 Letters
- 27 Input/output
- 28 Command line interface
- Appendix A Document templates
- Index