Synopsis:
\uppercase{text}
\lowercase{text}
\MakeUppercase{text}
\MakeLowercase{text}
Change the case of characters. The TeX primitive commands
\uppercase and \lowercase are set up by default to work
only with the 26 letters a–z and A–Z. The LaTeX commands
\MakeUppercase and \MakeLowercase commands also change
characters accessed by commands such as \ae or \aa. The
commands \MakeUppercase and \MakeLowercase are robust
but they have moving arguments (see \protect).
These commands do not change the case of letters used in the name of a
command within text. But they do change the case of every other
Latin letter inside the argument text. Thus,
\MakeUppercase{Let $y=f(x)$} produces ‘LET Y=F(X)’. Another
example is that the name of an environment will be changed, so that
\MakeUppercase{\begin{tabular} ... \end{tabular}} will
produce an error because the first half is changed to
\begin{TABULAR}.
LaTeX uses the same fixed table for changing case throughout a document, The table used is designed for the font encoding T1; this works well with the standard TeX fonts for all Latin alphabets but will cause problems when using other alphabets.
To change the case of text that results from a macro inside text
you need to do expansion. Here the \Schoolname produces
‘COLLEGE OF MATHEMATICS’.
\newcommand{\schoolname}{College of Mathematics}
\newcommand{\Schoolname}{\expandafter\MakeUppercase
\expandafter{\schoolname}}
The textcase package brings some of the missing feature of the
standard LaTeX commands \MakeUppercase and
\MakeLowerCase.
To uppercase only the first letter of words, you can use the package
mfirstuc.
Handling all the casing rules specified by Unicode, e.g., for
non-Latin scripts, is a much bigger job than anything envisioned in
the original TeX and LaTeX. It has been implemented in the
expl3 package as of 2020. The article “Case changing: From
TeX primitives to the Unicode algorithm”, (Joseph Wright,
TUGboat 41:1,
https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb41-1/tb127wright-case.pdf), gives a
good overview of the topic, past and present.